Human Nutrition & Dietetics

1. Which of the following nutrients is the primary source of energy for the body?

   a) Proteins

   b) Carbohydrates

   c) Fats

   d) Vitamins

   Answer: b) Carbohydrates

2. What is the function of vitamin C in the body?

   a) Promotes healthy vision

   b) Enhances bone strength

   c) Supports the immune system

   d) Aids in blood clotting

   Answer: c) Supports the immune system

3. The main function of dietary fiber in the diet is to:

   a) Provide energy

   b) Regulate blood sugar levels

   c) Promote muscle growth

   d) Aid in digestion and prevent constipation

   Answer: d) Aid in digestion and prevent constipation

4. Which mineral is essential for maintaining healthy bones and teeth?

   a) Iron

   b) Calcium

   c) Potassium

   d) Zinc

   Answer: b) Calcium

5. What is the primary function of B-vitamins in the body?

   a) Support brain health

   b) Regulate blood pressure

   c) Enhance muscle strength

   d) Facilitate energy metabolism

   Answer: d) Facilitate energy metabolism

6. A person who avoids all animal products, including meat, dairy, and eggs, is following which type of diet?

   a) Vegan

   b) Paleo

   c) Mediterranean

   d) Atkins

   Answer: a) Vegan

7. Which of the following is a complete protein source, containing all essential amino acids?

   a) Rice

   b) Lentils

   c) Quinoa

   d) Corn

   Answer: c) Quinoa

8. The hormone insulin is responsible for regulating the metabolism of which nutrient?

   a) Fats

   b) Carbohydrates

   c) Proteins

   d) Vitamins

   Answer: b) Carbohydrates

9. Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?

   a) Olive oil

   b) Avocado

   c) Salmon

   d) Coconut oil

   Answer: c) Salmon

10. Excess intake of which nutrient is most likely to lead to weight gain?

    a) Protein

    b) Fiber

    c) Vitamins

    d) Fats

    Answer: d) Fats

11. What is the role of iron in the body?

    a) Regulates blood pressure

    b) Aids in protein synthesis

    c) Enhances immunity

    d) Carries oxygen in the blood

    Answer: d) Carries oxygen in the blood

12. Which vitamin deficiency can lead to the disease known as “scurvy”?

    a) Vitamin A

    b) Vitamin C

    c) Vitamin D

    d) Vitamin E

    Answer: b) Vitamin C

13. What is the recommended daily intake of water for an average adult?

    a) 2 liters

    b) 4 liters

    c) 8 liters

    d) It varies based on individual factors

    Answer: d) It varies based on individual factors

14. Which of the following foods is a good source of potassium?

    a) Bananas

    b) Oranges

    c) Apples

    d) Grapes

    Answer: a) Bananas

15. The body’s metabolism can be influenced by:

    a) Genetics

    b) Exercise

    c) Hormones

    d) All of the above

    Answer: d) All of the above

16. What is the recommended daily intake of sodium for most adults?

    a) 500 mg

    b) 1500 mg

    c) 3000 mg

    d) 5000 mg

    Answer: b) 1500 mg

17. Which nutrient is essential for maintaining healthy eyesight?

    a) Vitamin C

    b) Vitamin D

    c) Vitamin A

    d) Vitamin K

    Answer: c) Vitamin A

18. What is the body’s main source of energy during prolonged periods of physical activity?

    a) Carbohydrates

    b) Fats

    c) Proteins

    d) Minerals

    Answer: b) Fats

19. Which of the following is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin?

    a) Vitamin A

    b) Vitamin D

    c) Vitamin C

    d) Vitamin E

    Answer: c) Vitamin C

20. A person diagnosed with celiac disease should avoid which nutrient?

    a) Protein

    b) Fiber

    c) Carbohydrates

    d) Gluten

    Answer: d) Gluten

21. Which of the following minerals is essential for normal nerve function and muscle contractions?

    a) Calcium

    b) Magnesium

    c) Iron

    d) Zinc

    Answer: b) Magnesium

22. Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K?

    a) Citrus fruits

    b) Spinach

    c) Eggs

    d) Milk

    Answer: b) Spinach

23. Which macronutrient is the most calorie-dense, providing approximately 9 calories per gram?

    a) Proteins

    b) Carbohydrates

    c) Fats

    d) Fiber

    Answer: c) Fats

24. The condition known as “osteoporosis” is characterized by:

    a) Low blood sugar levels

    b) Weak and brittle bones

    c) Excessive hair growth

    d) Elevated blood pressure

    Answer: b) Weak and brittle bones

25. Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by the body when exposed to sunlight?

    a) Vitamin A

    b) Vitamin C

    c) Vitamin D

    d) Vitamin B12

    Answer: c) Vitamin D

26. What is the function of antioxidants in the body?

    a) Facilitate digestion

    b) Strengthen bones

    c) Neutralize harmful free radicals

    d) Promote muscle growth

    Answer: c) Neutralize harmful free radicals

27. Which nutrient is essential for the production and maintenance of healthy red blood cells?

    a) Iron

    b) Zinc

    c) Vitamin C

    d) Potassium

    Answer: a) Iron

28. A diet high in saturated fats is associated with an increased risk of:

    a) Type 2 diabetes

    b) Osteoporosis

    c) Heart disease

    d) Vitamin deficiency

    Answer: c) Heart disease

29. What is the main role of phosphorus in the body?

    a) Regulating blood sugar levels

    b) Supporting nerve function

    c) Building strong bones and teeth

    d) Enhancing vision

    Answer: c) Building strong bones and teeth

30. Which of the following nutrients is crucial for the synthesis of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

    a) Vitamin B12

    b) Folate (Vitamin B9)

    c) Vitamin C

    d) Vitamin K

    Answer: b) Folate (Vitamin B9)

Vitamins:

1. Vitamin A is essential for:

   a) Healthy vision

   b) Strong bones

   c) Blood clotting

   d) Muscle growth

   Answer: a) Healthy vision

2. Which vitamin is necessary for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the body?

   a) Vitamin C

   b) Vitamin D

   c) Vitamin B12

   d) Vitamin K

   Answer: b) Vitamin D

3. A deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine) can lead to which disease?

   a) Scurvy

   b) Beriberi

   c) Rickets

   d) Night blindness

   Answer: b) Beriberi

4. Which vitamin is an antioxidant and protects cells from damage caused by free radicals?

   a) Vitamin A

   b) Vitamin C

   c) Vitamin E

   d) Vitamin K

   Answer: c) Vitamin E

5. Vitamin K is important for:

   a) Healthy skin

   b) Blood clotting

   c) Immune function

   d) Energy production

   Answer: b) Blood clotting

Carbohydrates:

6. Which carbohydrate is the primary source of energy for the brain and muscles?

   a) Starch

   b) Glucose

   c) Sucrose

   d) Fructose

   Answer: b) Glucose

7. Simple carbohydrates are composed of:

   a) One type of sugar molecule

   b) Long chains of glucose molecules

   c) Both glucose and fructose

   d) Fatty acids and glycerol

   Answer: a) One type of sugar molecule

8. Which carbohydrate is commonly known as table sugar?

   a) Starch

   b) Glucose

   c) Sucrose

   d) Lactose

   Answer: c) Sucrose

9. Which complex carbohydrate is found in plant cell walls and aids in digestion?

   a) Starch

   b) Glycogen

   c) Fiber

   d) Sucrose

   Answer: c) Fiber

Protein:

10. Proteins are composed of:

    a) Amino acids

    b) Glucose molecules

    c) Fatty acids

    d) Nucleic acids

    Answer: a) Amino acids

11. Which of the following is an example of a complete protein source?

    a) Rice

    b) Lentils

    c) Quinoa

    d) Chicken

    Answer: d) Chicken

12. The process of denaturation can alter the structure of proteins due to:

    a) Heat or acid

    b) Freezing

    c) Mixing with fiber

    d) Exposure to light

    Answer: a) Heat or acid

13. Which protein is found in milk and dairy products?

    a) Casein

    b) Gluten

    c) Collagen

    d) Hemoglobin

    Answer: a) Casein

Fats and Oil:

14. Fats are composed of:

    a) Amino acids

    b) Glucose molecules

    c) Fatty acids and glycerol

    d) Nucleic acids

    Answer: c) Fatty acids and glycerol

15. Which type of fat is considered unhealthy and is associated with an increased risk of heart disease?

    a) Saturated fat

    b) Unsaturated fat

    c) Trans fat

    d) Monounsaturated fat

    Answer: c) Trans fat

16. Omega-3 and omega-6 are examples of:

    a) Saturated fats

    b) Monounsaturated fats

    c) Polyunsaturated fats

    d) Trans fats

    Answer: c) Polyunsaturated fats

17. Which type of fat is solid at room temperature?

    a) Saturated fat

    b) Unsaturated fat

    c) Monounsaturated fat

    d) Polyunsaturated fat

    Answer: a) Saturated fat

Minerals:

18. Which mineral is essential for nerve function, muscle contraction, and maintaining a regular heartbeat?

    a) Calcium

    b) Iron

    c) Magnesium

    d) Sodium

    Answer: c) Magnesium

19. Zinc is important for:

    a) Red blood cell production

    b) Strong bones and teeth

    c) Wound healing and immune function

    d) Energy production

    Answer: c) Wound healing and immune function

20. Iodine is a component of which hormone produced by the thyroid gland?

    a) Insulin

    b) Thyroxine

    c) Estrogen

    d) Testosterone

    Answer: b) Thyroxine

21. Iron is a crucial component of which protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen?

    a) Hemoglobin

    b) Insulin

    c) Collagen

    d) Myoglobin

    Answer: a) Hemoglobin

22. Which mineral is essential for maintaining healthy bones and teeth?

    a) Calcium

    b) Phosphorus

    c) Potassium

    d) Zinc

    Answer: a) Calcium

23. Which mineral is required for the proper functioning of enzymes involved in energy metabolism?

    a) Iron

    b) Calcium

    c) Magnesium

    d) Phosphorus

    Answer: c) Magnesium

Fiber:

24. Dietary fiber can be classified into two types: soluble and insoluble. Which type of fiber aids in lowering cholesterol levels?

    a) Soluble fiber

    b) Insoluble fiber

    Answer: a) Soluble fiber

25. What is the primary function of fiber in the diet?

    a) Providing energy

    b) Enhancing muscle strength

    c) Aiding in digestion and preventing constipation

    d) Promoting healthy skin

    Answer: c) Aiding in digestion and preventing constipation

26. Legumes, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables are good sources of:

    a) Protein

    b) Fats

    c) Fiber

    d) Vitamins

    Answer: c) Fiber

27. Which type of fiber promotes a feeling of fullness and can help with weight management?

    a) Soluble fiber

    b) Insoluble fiber

    Answer: b) Insoluble fiber

28. Fiber is important for maintaining a healthy:

    a) Liver

    b) Heart

    c) Pancreas

    d) Lungs

    Answer: b) Heart

29. Which type of fiber can bind to toxins in the digestive tract and help eliminate them from the body?

    a) Soluble fiber

    b) Insoluble fiber

    Answer: a) Soluble fiber

30. Which of the following foods is a good source of fiber?

    a) White rice

    b) Whole wheat bread

    c) Candy

    d) Butter

    Answer: b) Whole wheat bread